forces that tend to divide a country- such as internal religious, inguistic, ethnic, or ideologiacal differences. Students tend to regard the course content as "easy," while the exam is difficult. For each of the following goods, determine whether you would expect an excise tax to result in high or low deadweight loss. Explain your answer. \text{ } & \text{325} & \text{2$/ 27$} & \text{200}\\ Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts, whose administration enacted a law in 1812 defining new state senatorial districts. Create or preserve minority-majority district: To create a district favoring an ethnic group, or to accommodate surrounding minority-majority districts. \text{ } & \text{ } & \text{ } & \underline{\underline{\$ 12,600}}\\ The group claimed that the districts were racial gerrymanders that violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. What we have done is taken those areas and divided them into multiple districts so that theres actually more districts where minority voters will be able to elect their candidates of choice, which should actually have the effect of increasing the representation among the African American community, Szetela said. ~Belgium ~Heartland Theory But even after accounting for the federal rules, there are countless . What factors need to be considered to draw and effective majority-minority district? There are plenty of stateless nations in the world today. Others include Palestinians, Basques, and Roma. Examples: France and Spain It links or divides areas of voters with similar characteristics (race/ethnicity, socioeconomic, labor, religious, urban/suburban/rural, etc.). It forms its own sovereign nation-state predominately made up of the Irish ethnic group. Majority-minority districts have been the subject of legal cases examining the constitutionality of such districts, including Shaw v. Reno (1993), Miller v. Johnson (1995), and Bush v. Vera (1996). The people living in former Yugoslavia never really achieved a strong sense of Yugoslav nationhood. Examples: Egypt|Sudan, Canada|U.S, Physical-political (Natural-political) Boundary, Political boundary defined and delimited by a prominent physical feature in the natural landscape, such as a river or the crest ridges of a mountain range. 1. A territory whose geographical boundaries lie entirely within the boundaries of another territory. Regions. AP Human Geography can lead to a variety of liberal arts and social science majors. That kind of comment might not go over so well in a majority-minority league. A state that lacks a direct outlet to sea. In particular, it has been interpreted to mean that the number of majority-minority districts cannot be reduced. \text{Balance on February 28} & \underline{\underline{\$8,100}} & \text{ }\\ 2536+5146\begin{array}{r} Voting districts are found in many but not all representative democracies. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/new-maps-spark-debate-over-majority-minority-districts, Biden administration sues Texas over voting restrictions, Census data sets up redistricting fight over growing suburbs, Census shows U.S. is diversifying, white population shrinking, As frustration mounts, a White House push on voting rights, Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission, maps drawn by the Democratic-controlled Legislature. If youre talented enough, you can win in a 30-35% Black district. If done correctly, it can even create a majority for a party that has a small minority. One of these reasons is ethnic separatism. Examples: United States, Australia, Canada, Japan, ~Incorporates lower levels of education, lower salaries, and less technology. What are the electoral effects of majority-minority districts? [7] Explain whether or not you would consider purchasing this policy. Are racially drawn districts constitutionally permissible? Steven Hill, writing for The Atlantic in June 2013, made the following argument:[2][3][4]. The table below provides demographic data about each majority-minority district in the United States House of Representatives as of 2015. \text{ } & \text{327} & \text{2$/ 28$} & \underline{1,900}\\ a principle of international relations that holds that final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legitimate rulers of independent states. It is concerned with why political spaces emerge in the places that they do and with how the character of those spaces affects social, political, economic, and environmental understandings and practices. The acqusiion of gold and silver and the maintenance of a favorable trade balance were central to to policy. The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms Majorityminoritydistricts. Political Geography. [1] It can also be called "redistribution" and is used to prevent unbalance of population across districts. Example: Germany taking over France, Temporary periods of stability in how politics are conducted at the global scale. 2. The fight is complicated and wonky like most surrounding the once-a-decade redistricting process. ". The right of a state to defend sovereign territory against invasion from other states. originally for Mrs. Watson's class 2010-2011. processes that incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology; generate more wealth than periphery processes in the world economy. The differences between federal and a unitary government is that a federal government has multiple levels of hierarchy where both the state and central gover. Majority-minority districts in Milwaukee account for five of the seven Black Assembly members, two of the four Hispanic Assembly members, and two of the three Black senators currently serving in the Legislature. In some instances, majority-minority districts may result from affirmative racial gerrymandering. [12][13][14], On June 30, 1986, the high court ruled unanimously in Thornburg v. Gingles that five of the aforementioned six districts "discriminated against blacks by diluting the power of their collective vote." Administrate: determine how the boundary will be maintained and how goods and people will cross the border, ~Political boundary defined and delimited as a straight line or an arc. Examples: Sub-Saharan Africa, Iraq, Honduras, ~Places where core and periphery processes are both occurring. McKay Company sells merchandise with a one-year warranty. There are grammar debates that never die; and the ones highlighted in the questions in this quiz are sure to rile everyone up once again. The states redraw district lines every 10 years following completion of the United States census. This shows grade level based on the word's complexity. 2536+5146. process by which geopoliticians deconstruct and focus on explaining the underlying spatial assumptions and territorial perspectives of politicians, World order in which one state is in a position of dominance with allies following rather than joining the political decision-making process. Peace negociated in 1648 to end the 30 years war. In Nevada, Latino and other activist groups opposed maps drawn by the Democratic-controlled Legislature because the plan spread Latinos broadly around the states congressional and legislative districts to increase the odds of Democratic victories. Movement. Is this necessarily a good or a bad sign? In 1964, there were only about 300 black elected officials nationwide. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. Examples: United States, Russia, Brazil, Mexico. e. Check 323 was written for$2,800 for advertising in February. the segregation of blacks in South Aftrica from 1948-1994, the term used when referring to the fragmentation or breakup of a region or country into smaller regions or countries, an economic union in Western Europe that compromises three neighboring countries: Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, there are two types: exclusionary, meant for keeping people out, and inclusionary, meant to facilitate trade and movement, conflicts of the location, size, and extent of borders between nations; states arguing over their boundaries and how they function; (WITH THE NEXT FOUR CARDS), focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement, focus on the delimitation and possibly demarcation of the boundary, focus on neighbors who differ over the way their border should function, focus on boundaries (especially on the sea floor) while in search of resources, boundaries often originated from old tribal lands and lands won in war; were meant to establish claims to land and were often small historically; (WITH THE NEXT FOUR CARDS), boundaries that were defined and determined before the present day human landscape was developed, boundaries that evolved as the cultural landscape of an area took shape, boundaries that are forcibly drawn across a unified cultural landscape, boundaries that have ceased to function, but whose imprints are still evident on the cultural landscape, the process that is needed to create a boundary; (WITH THE NEXT THREE CARDS), a legal document or treaty drawn up to specify actual points in the landscape. David Eggert, Associated Press, Nicholas Riccardi, Associated Press What is the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation? The following provides information from the company's cash ledger for the month ending February 28, 2018. I get what Republicans have done, completely, but Im not willing to sacrifice Black representation and brown representation, Im just not, said Sen. Lena Taylor, one of two African American Democrats in the Wisconsin state Senate, who voted against her partys map. Ethnic nationalism may become a project promoted by governments when it serves the interest of the state; or, it may become a threat to the state for a variety of reasons. What is a functional analysis, according to Gingles? Prepare the necessary year-end adjusting entry related to these securities. Packed districts in which a majority of the population is from the minority. Examples: Ireland, Norway, and Poland, A state with more than one nation inside its borders. Because of the 1990 census, what did state legislatures in states either partially or completely covered by section 5 of the VRA, as well as legislatures of states with sufficient minority population to fear Section 2 claim have to do? For the purposes of this article, a majority-minority district is defined as any district in which a minority group or collection of minority groups comprise a simple majority of the district's population. A neighbor sells life insurance and wants you ~Spatial conflicts. Policy: Christopher Nelson Caitlin Styrsky Molly Byrne Jimmy McAllister Samuel Postell What effects, if any, do majority-minority districts have on the voters in that district? His boss, who he admires, is waiting to meet with him about the big project. World order in which one state is in a position of dominance with allies following rather than joining the political decision-making process. Only California, Illinois, and New York had any degree of significant pro-GOP bias. 5. If we draw the districts like this, Blue holds a majority in all five districts. 1. AP human geography chapter 8 multiple choice. Drawing electoral (voting) districts to benefit one political group over another. [1] \text{ } & \text{No.} Example: Spanish colonialism in the west. b. At the other extreme, Democrats filed a lawsuit this month alleging that Alabama Republicans improperly packed Black voters into the states 7th Congressional District, making it home to nearly one out of every three African Americans in the state. The Census Bureau released data to the states for redistricting on August 12. Control of the House of Delegates will come down to two other races that are in recounts. The process of placing a price on a good and then buying, selling and trading it, The idea that a state is tied to a particular territory with defined boundaries came out of Europe and diffused through: Click the card to flip 1 / 19 Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by annmarie317 Lecture 15 - 125V Segura Terms in this set (19) In the context of political power, the capacity of a state to influence other states or achieve its goals through diplomatic, economic, and militaristic means. A more even distribution of Black voters, Democrats argue, might help then win a second. OR NCSL conducts policy research in areas ranging from agriculture and budget and tax issues to education and health care to immigration and transportation. Now, only 18 of the 53 members of the Congressional Black Caucus were elected in districts that are majority African American. Hollier, like other Black lawmakers, is furious, saying that move jeopardizes Black elected officials. Others would rather use the standard of an "effective majority" which means that the group does not have to meet a specific percentage size, but it does have to be large enough so that it is reasonable to assume that it accounts for outcomes and circumstances (meaning that it is large enough so that it can produce outcomes and stuff). The value of drawing district lines to create majority-minority districts is a matter of dispute both within and outside of minority communities. "The minority group must be able to demonstrate that it is sufficiently large and geographically compact to constitute a majority in a single-member district. Teoretically, a recognized member of the modern state system possesing formal sovereignty and occupied by a people who see themselves as a single, united nation. Example: Palestinians, Kurds, Basque. Nicholas Riccardi, Associated Press. Throughout the nineteenth-century in Europe, states used what to achieve various goals? In 2020, for example, racial minorities won 19 of 20 legislative seats where Black people constitute at least 35% of the voting-age population. cultural cohesion definition ap human geography. A group of people who think of themselves as one based on a sense of shared culture and history, and who seek some degree of political-territorial independence. Most definitions now tend to refer to a tightly knit group of people possessing bonds of language, ethnicity, religion, and other shared cultural attributes. i. Academy Bank charged service fees of $125 to Oscar's for the month. The forces that divide the people of a state. READ MORE: Biden administration sues Texas over voting restrictions. Race is collected through the decennial United States census . 2. What harm is done by the legislators packing the district up to 50 percent minority voters? The effect was to pack Democrats into just a few districts and leave other parts of the state more safely Republican. Would you consider purchasing a different type of life insurance policy? \text{ } & \text{322} & \text{2$/ 8$} & \text{400}\\ The amount of interest earned for February is$20. spreading voters of one type over many districts where they will comprise minorities that are unable to influence elections wasted voted Packing combining like minded voters into one district to prevent them from affecting elections in other districts (Excess vote -Concentrates opposition supporters into a few districts) Stacked vote A politically organized area in which nation and state occupy the same space. Thornburg v. Gingles, a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1986, established a three-part test for proving whether vote dilution in violation of the Voting Rights Act has occurred in a district or districts. This was the most recent data available as of September 2022. 3. The term is derived from the name of Gov. Define: through a legal document Electoral boundary delimitation (or simply boundary delimitation or delimitation) is the drawing of boundaries of electoral precincts and related divisions involved in elections, such as states, counties or other municipalities. Given that minority voters were the most reliably Democratic voters, that made all of the neighboring districts more Republican. Dr. Giani Clarkson is a national award winning educator. At the end of the five-year period, Ybarra must pay the bond holders a balloon payment of$200,000. The forces within a state that unify the people. The commission also is tasked with considering representation of minority communities and following the Voting Rights Act. It is also the only Democratic-held district in the state. For the chamber as a whole? External Relations: Moira Delaney Hannah Nelson Caroline Presnell His boss, whom he admires, is waiting to meet with him about the big project. Has a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and is recognized by other states. ~Serves as a buffer between core and periphery. Which of the following describe continuous random variables? Oscar's sells carpet each day but makes bank deposits only once per week. 2. The following guide will be updated periodically with hyperlinks in excellent resources. Rising Black politicians like Rep. Antonio Delgado and Rep. Joe Neguse represent heavily white areas in New Yorks Hudson River Valley and Boulder, Colorado respectively. In other words, the requirement would give black voters one representative of their choice rather than two. Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 mandates that electoral district lines cannot be drawn in such a manner as to "improperly dilute minorities' voting power. judge timothy kenny political affiliation. The table below provides demographic data about each majority-minority district in the United States as of 2013. and LMI and majority-minority areas. Now, let's draw a map that helps the Red party. A geopolitical hypothesis, proposed by British geographer Halford Mackinder during the first two decades of the twentieth century, that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain sufficient strength to eventually dominate the world. A nation that does not have a state. ~Assumed a state resembled the life cycle of an organism. How are the shares of the parent owned by the subsidiary reported at December 31? Kim Soffen, writing for The Washington Post in June 2016, summarized this argument as follows:[17], Critics argue that, because minority groups tend to vote Democratic, majority-minority districts ultimately present an unfair advantage to Republicans by consolidating Democratic votes into a smaller number of districts. Conversely, unitary states are characterized by a strong central government. 2. 5. With redistricting now beginning in many states, the need for Congress to pass reform legislation is more urgent than ever. if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; Communications: Alison Graves Carley Allensworth Abigail Campbell Sarah Groat Erica Shumaker Caitlin Vanden Boom Gerrymanderin g Redistrictin g for advantage, or the practice of dividing areas into electoral districts to give one political party an electoral majority in a large number of districts while concentrating the voting . As those loans have dried up, the average price that buyers in majority-minority neighborhoods can offer has fallen precipitously. For the districts themselves? \text{Balance on February 1} & \text{$\$ 6,800$} & \text{ }\\ Justice William J. Brennan, Jr., wrote the majority opinion, which largely upheld the district court's original ruling. Its Black voting-age population would drop to 42%. In an April 2015 report for the Congressional Research Service, legislative attorney L. Paige Whitaker described this argument as follows:[7], In addition, supporters argue that the drawing of majority-minority districts has resulted in an increased number of minority representatives in state legislatures and Congress. The American Civil Liberties Union, in a 2001 report, made this argument:[2][3][4][16], Critics contend that the establishment of majority-minority districts can result in packing, which occurs when a constituency or voting group is placed within a single district, thereby minimizing its influence in other districts. "Who rules the World Island commands the World". \end{matrix} 3. Let's look at a voting districts definition. Whether Hollier is right is at the heart of a heated debate over how to ensure racial and ethnic minority communities can elect the officeholders of their choice. Majority-minority districts may be created to avoid or remedy violations of the Voting Rights Act of 1965's prohibitions on drawing redistricting plans that diminish the ability of a racial or language minority to elect its candidates of choice. Redistricting is the process by which the boundaries of US congressional and state legislative district boundaries are drawn. In Wisconsin, Democratic Gov. Geography frustrates that aspiration, Johnson says, even though the Milwaukee metropolitan area's Hispanic population grew by 24 . Oscar's Red Carpet Store maintains a checking account with Academy Bank. Operations: Meghann Olshefski Mandy Morris Kelly Rindfleisch At its December 31 year-end, these securities had a fair value of$29,000. As of the 118th congress, there are 37 majority-Hispanic or Latino congressional districts. Xinjiang (UK: / n d i /, US: / n d j /), officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest of the country at the crossroads of Central Asia and East Asia.Being the largest province-level division of China by area and the 8th-largest country subdivision in . Explain how each account used in part 1 is reported in the financial statements. ~Generate less wealth in the world economy . Deposits:Cashreceipts:BalanceonFebruary1ReceiptsDisbursementsBalanceonFebruary28Date2/42/112/182/25$6,80013,900(12,600)$8,100Amount$2,7002,3003,2004,1001,600$13,900ChecksNo.321322323324325326327Date2/22/82/122/192/272/282/28Amount$4,7004002,5002,2002007001,900$12,600. More specifically, a protectionist policy of European states during the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries that prompted a state's economic position in the contest with other countries. What did they feel they were responsible for? Information about the partisan affiliation of each district's representative dates to 2015. The treaties contained new language recognizing statehood and nationhood, clearly defined borders, and guarantees of security, in a general sense, associated with the promothion of commercialism and trade. Private colleges and universities report net assets with donor restrictions. Legally, a term encompassing all the citizens of a state. Examples: Brazil, Russia, ~Highly centralized government. Question. ", "The minority group must be able to show that it is politically cohesive. That strategy was reinforced by partisan politics. Draw maps that majority-Black communities can win.. Commissioners argue that there is evidence that Black candidates can still win elections. This represented approximately 32% of the nation's 435 U.S. House districts.[1][2][3][4][5][6]. par | Avr 28, 2023 | mirage scythe combos ps4 | dillard's formal dresses | Avr 28, 2023 | mirage scythe combos ps4 | dillard's formal dresses ~Italy, (1884-1885) During European Imperialism, various European leaders met in Berlin, Germany to discuss plans for dividing Africa peacefully. The actual number of ounces in a 1-gallon bottle of laundry detergent, incorporation of a territory into another geopolitical entity. Subscribe to Here's the Deal, our politics newsletter. It was a win for African-American . 3. Tony Evers asked a commission to propose maps to counter ones drawn by the GOP-controlled Legislature. a. The interaction (interplay) among geography, power, politics, and international relations. Black legislators make up less than 10% of state legislators in the U.S., although 14.2% of the population is Black, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures. (Peripheral, Semi-peripheral, Core). A law enacted in 1967 requires that only one U.S. representative be elected from each congressional district. On February 24, Titanic paid$6,250 ($6,000 borrowed amount plus$250 interest) directly to Academy Bank in payment for January's borrowing.
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