[2] :58 [3] The general public has difficulty distinguishing . This label does not cover theories that . Not only that, he contended that the Bible, particularly the New Testament, was originally written in Latin. Although fringe science is founded in established science, it explores . Not all pseudoscience and fringe theories are alike. "[6] This characterization is perhaps inspired by the eccentric behavior of many researchers of the kind known colloquially (and with considerable historical precedent) as mad scientists. As a result, founders and believers of fringe theories often end up as objects of ridicule. He was also familiar with explosives and grenade-launchers. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. In 1405, the document was banned by the church, and in 1543, it was used by Martin Luther to condemn Jews. The Franklin Prophecy is the fringe belief that Benjamin Franklin made anti-Jewish comments during a speech at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. Even reputable news outlets have been known to publish credulous profiles of fringe theories and their proponents, and there continue to be many completely unreliable sources masquerading as legitimate. Ideas supported only by a tiny minority may be explained in articles devoted to those ideas if they are notable. Examples of unreliable journals include, but are not limited to: the Creation Research Society Quarterly, Homeopathy, and the Journal of Frontier Science (which uses blog comments[8] as its supposed peer review). Another archaeologist, Patrick McGovern, proposed something far more radical. The main purveyor of the theory was Aristotle, who based his studies on the ideas of thinkers like Anaximander, Hippolytus, and Anaxagoras, all of whom stressed the ways in which life could spontaneously come into being from inanimate matter like slime, mud, and earth when exposed to sunlight. They are needed to demonstrate that an idea is sufficiently notable to merit a dedicated article about it. Since the Shadow Robot Company sounds like a front for an evil organization hell bent on taking over the world, we assume the hand might also be used to strangle any adversaries of the companys managing director, Rich Walker. In the case of obscure fringe theories, secondary sources that describe the theories should be carefully vetted for reliability. The company didnt respond to our request for a price quote, but we can go ahead and assume most people arent going to be running out to buy one anytime soon. Supporters of this theory claim that documents exist pointing to the Soviets discussing an attack on Germany. Are there any fringe conspiracy theories developed under democratic societies with a healthy freedom of press that are now widely accepted as fact? Munich Personal RePEc Archive The Search for New Drugs: A Theory of RD in the Pharmaceutical Industry Khazabi, Massoud and Quyen, Nguyen University of Ottawa 1 September 2010 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39462/ MPRA Paper No. The best sources to use when describing fringe theories, and in determining their notability and prominence, are independent reliable sources. But in 2013, claims started to emerge that the true impact of the Fukushima disaster was much larger than reported. There is now scientific proof for the existence of a giant primate species in North Americaa species fitting the descriptions of sasquatches (bigfoots).". During the Middle Ages, invading armies would fling plague-ridden corpses over castle walls. Dr. Robert Carton of the Environmental Protection Agency has claimed that fluoridation is the greatest case of scientific fraud of the century, if not of all time. On the other hand, the Center for Disease Control lists water fluoridation as one of the 10 greatest public health achievements of the 20th century, its used by dentists everywhere (theyre the people who care about your teeth), and its found in many toothpaste brands. A claim of peer review is not an indication that the journal is respected, or that any meaningful peer review occurs. Close attention should be paid to the treatment of those who hold fringe viewpoints, since as a rule they are the focus of controversy. In the Middle Ages, the Toledot Yeshu was apparently used by some Jewish communities in order to discredit Christianity. The quote should only be included if it can be contextualized in a verifiable and neutral sense as a point of view of the Bigfoot Field Researchers Association and not necessarily a factual statement. This discovery would supposedly grant its owner eternal life and youth, or the ability to turn almost any metal into gold. In August 2013, the Japanese government announced that Fukushima had experienced a massive leak of radiation-contaminated water. McGovern adds that our ancestorsdespite not knowing chemistrywere perfectly capable of manufacturing beer through constant experimentation. Official history teaches us that during World War II, Nazi Germany acted as the aggressor against its erstwhile ally, the Soviet Union. Wikipedia is meant to be a tertiary source of information, summarizing the information gleaned from secondary sources, and in some cases from primary sources. A fringe theory is an idea or a viewpoint which differs from the accepted scholarship of the time within its field. If discussed in an article about a mainstream idea, a theory that is not broadly supported by scholarship in its field must not be given undue weight,[1] and reliable sources must be cited that affirm the relationship of the marginal idea to the mainstream idea in a serious and substantial manner. In 2010, a story surfaced that a seventh-grade student in Watsonville, California had discovered that every US president except Martin Van Buren is descended from King John of England. Fringe theories and related articles have been the subject of several arbitration cases. However, ideas should not be excluded from the encyclopedia simply because they are widely held to be wrong. Note, however, that the mainstream scientific subjects are discussed and linked to in both of the above articles about fringe subjects (the Astrology article discusses astronomy, and Autodynamics discusses special relativity). After the story made headlines, the girl said that she wasnt surprised by the connection because the people seemed to have a common trait of wanting power. In contrast, many mainstream articles do not link to articles about fringe theories. Finally, even though the Gospel of John states that a Roman soldier speared Jesuss side, it is the only gospel to mention it; the three other gospels that preceded it never bring up the incident. Wikipedia is neither a publisher of original thought nor a soapbox for self-promotion and advertising. Because Wikipedia aims to summarize significant opinions with representation in proportion to their prominence, a Wikipedia article should not make a fringe theory appear more notable or more widely accepted than it is. This has resulted in a tendency to dismiss all fringe science as the domain of pseudoscientists, hobbyists, and quacks.[4]. So if Muhammad never really existed, who had invented him, and why? Simply including such a statement in the lead or in a section on scientific evaluation of Bigfoot claims is potentially misleading, non-neutral, and lacking in verifiability. As with the Sandy Hook Elementary shooting, 2012 Aurora murders, and the Boston Marathon bombing, details of the event have been confused by false or inaccurate media reports and rumors, which have unfortunately been vastly blown out of proportion with the speedy help of social media. However, supporters of the theory bring up three counter-arguments that could have helped Jesus survive his ordeal. At first, Hardouin named the Benedictines as the main culprits behind the forgeries. Fomenko also saw Jerusalem as an allegory of either Constantinople, or even ancient Troy. The complicated relationship between the level of acceptance of an idea and its notability is explored below. Muhammad became the figurehead for the Arabs, the new Chosen People. Additionally, Kalisch states that the Quran itself heavily paralleled the Christian and Jewish texts. They allege that the Soviets had prepared a massive invasion force, ready to strike Nazi Germany first. - After His death, He escaped the tomb on His own or with the help of His disciples. The water is then pumped into about 1,000 storage tanks, which have started to leak. The girl discovered the connection after exploring a genealogy database created by her grandfather. Agran gained public support during his campaign, but he was banned from debates and conferences. Jamie founded Listverse due to an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, and bizarre facts. 1Identifying fringe theories Toggle Identifying fringe theories subsection 1.1Spectrum of fringe theories 1.1.1Pseudoscience 1.1.2Questionable science 1.1.3Alternative theoretical formulations 2Sourcing Toggle Sourcing subsection 2.1Reliable sources 2.2Independent sources 2.3Parity of sources 2.4Attribution 2.4.1Quotations By Halloween, 20 people had died and half the entire population of 14,000 had been left sick. Lets hope North Korea doesnt figure out the whole nuclear weapon thing. For a fringe view to be discussed in an article about a mainstream idea, independent reliable sources must discuss the relationship of the two as a serious and substantial matter. Pseudoscience usually relies on attacking mainstream scientific theories and methodology while lacking a critical discourse itself (as is common among proponents of creation science), relies on weak evidence such as anecdotal evidence or weak statistical evidence (as for example in parapsychology), or indulges a suspect theoretical premise (such as the claims of water memory made by advocates of homeopathy). Ideas that are of borderline or minimal notability may be mentioned in Wikipedia, but should not be given undue weight. [7], Although most fringe science is rejected, the scientific community has come to accept some portions of it. Take Princeton economist Paul Krugman who ominously warns that: Unlike the crazy conspiracy theories of the leftwhich do exist, but are supported only by a tiny fringethe crazy conspiracy . According to Hardouin, this group hoped to sway the masses back to Paganism by writing pro-paganistic texts and passing them off as genuine historical literature. One of the first people to propose the theory was David P. Strachan in an article published in the British Medical Journal in 1989. Fringe science theories are often advanced by persons who have no traditional academic science background, or by researchers outside the mainstream discipline. Such claims may contain or be followed by qualifiers to maintain neutralitye.g. The theory stands in direct contrast to the standard Savannah theory, which holds that our ancestors evolved modern human traits in the open plains. This hypothesis was started in the 19th century by Karl Bahrdt, Karl Venturini, and a handful of other theologians. Links to non-fringe articles in fringe articles can also help aid the reader in understanding and remove the threat of creating a walled garden. This branch of fringe science stems from the hypothesis that the human brain is infinitely capable, but certain social and physical factors prohibit us from reaching our full potential. This is the principle of one-way linking for fringe theories. Instead, lets discuss the controversial view that this notorious French serial killer was himself the unfortunate victim of a vast conspiracy to steal his wealth. Little is known about the true origin of the Toledot, but many feel it was circulated orally before being put into various literary forms. Brooks-Baker traced the lineage of 33 US presidents back to Alfred the Great and Charlemagne. Spin takes the approach that the American media has been used as a tool to silence public debate on certain issues. [2]:58[3] The general public has difficulty distinguishing between science and its imitators,[2]:173 and in some cases a "yearning to believe or a generalized suspicion of experts is a very potent incentive to accepting pseudoscientific claims". By 2015, the widespread impact of the radiation will be felt in Japan. A fringe theory is an idea or a collection of ideas that departs significantly from the prevailing or mainstream view. In addition, the Phoenicians proved that they could complete long voyages by accomplishing what is believed to be the first recorded circumnavigation of Africa, in 600 B.C. Ibragim Todashev was a Chechen-American who was shot to death by an FBI agent on May 22, 2013. These theories describe natural law and give ideas how the universe works. Economics . For example, Lyell D. Henry Jr. wrote that, "fringe science [is] a term also suggesting kookiness. However, he might have used a metal pole or broomstick. Harold Brooks-Baker was an Anglo-American journalist who became famous for his books on the genealogy of the British Royal family. A conjecture that has not received critical review from the scientific community or that has been rejected may be included in an article about a scientific subject only if other high-quality reliable sources discuss it as an alternative position. 39462, posted 15 Jun 2012 12:52 UTC The Search for New Drugs: A Theory of R&D in the Pharmaceutical Industry Massoud Khazabi1 University of Ottawa The paper . If no independent reliable sources connect a particular fringe theory to a mainstream subject, there should not even be a link through a see also section, lest the article serve as a coatrack. Hardouin arrived at this conclusion after he had supposedly found numerous mistakes in the ancient and classical texts. In his work, Brooks-Baker suggested that every US presidential election has been won by the candidate with the most royal blood. Regular consumption of these entheogens presumably enhanced the cognitive abilities of our ancestors and helped them talk and think logically. The strongest argument is that the records of Muhammads exploits, the Quran, and Islam only became known to the rest of the world long after the birth of the religion. It was also initially claimed that he threatened the officers with a knife, gun, or sword, but these reports were later dismissed. The theory continues to thrive today among some skeptics, and among believers of other religions, most notably the Ahmadiyya Muslim community. In 1614, the book was reprinted by Jewish apostate Samuel Friedrich Brenz and presented as fact. This list catalogs well-accepted theories in science and pre-scientific natural philosophy and natural history which have since been superseded by scientific theories.Many discarded explanations were once supported by a scientific consensus, but replaced after more empirical information became available that identified flaws and prompted new theories which better explain the available data. Game theory: John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern, 1944 (with important embellishments from John Nash in the 1950s) Developed for economics, where it has had some successes, game theory. The hypothesis argues that people who have better hygiene and effective medical care may have impaired regulatory T-cells. Similarly to the Christ Myth, this theory holds that the founder of Islam never existed at all. Articles about hypotheses that have a substantial following but which critics describe as pseudoscience, may note those critics' views; however, such hypotheses should not be described as unambiguously pseudoscientific if a reasonable amount of academic debate still exists. A fringe theory is an idea that departs from the mainstream view. Subjects receive attention in Wikipedia in proportion to the level of detail in the sources from which the article is written. It is also best to avoid hiding all disputations in an end criticism section, but instead work for integrated, easy to read, and accurate article prose. He was an acquaintance of the Boston Marathon bomber Tamerlan Tsarnaev, and was killed while being questioned about the bombing and a triple homicide that occurred in Waltham, Massachusetts, on the evening of September 11, 2011. In fact, its origins are rooted in Bchamp's empirically disproven (in the context of disease) theory of pleomorphism. Some believe that the ancient Phoenicians were the first people to ever successfully set sail to the Americas, allegedly reaching the east coast of Central America more than 2,000 years before Columbus.
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