| Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Sitemap | Patreon | Contact, Federal Aviation Administration - Pilot/Controller Glossary, CFI Notebook.net - Airways and Route Course Navigation, Instrument Flying Handbook (1-6) IFR En-Route Charts, The objective of IFR en route flight is to navigate within the, Your ability to fly instruments safely and competently in the system is greatly enhanced by understanding the vast array of data available to the pilot on instrument charts, En route high-altitude charts provide aeronautical information for en route instrument navigation at or above 18,000' MSL, Information includes the portrayal of Jet and RNAV routes, identification and frequencies of radio aids, selected airports, distances, time zones, special use airspace, and related information, Established jet routes from 18,000' MSL to FL 450 use NAVAIDs not more than 260 NM apart, To effectively depart from one airport and navigate en route under instrument conditions, a pilot needs the appropriate IFR en route low-altitude chart(s), The IFR low altitude en route chart is the instrument equivalent of the sectional chart, When folded, the cover of the AeroNav Products en route chart displays an index map of the United States showing the coverage areas, Cities near congested airspace are shown in black type and their associated area chart is listed in the box in the lower left-hand corner of the map coverage box, Also noted is an explanation of the off-route obstruction clearance altitude (OROCA), The effective date of the chart is printed on the other side of the folded chart, Information concerning MTRs is also included on the chart cover, The en route charts are revised every 56 days, When the AeroNav Products en route chart is unfolded, the legend is displayed and provides information concerning airports, NAVAIDs, communications, air traffic services, and airspace, Airport information is provided in the legend, and the symbols used for the airport name, elevation, and runway length are similar to the sectional chart presentation, Associated city names are shown for public airports only, FAA identifiers are shown for all airports, ICAO identifiers are also shown for airports outside of the contiguous United States, Instrument approaches can be found at airports with blue or green symbols, while the brown airport symbol denotes airports that do not have instrument approaches, Stars are used to indicate the part-time nature of tower operations, Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) frequencies, part-time or on request lighting facilities, and part-time airspace classifications, The minimum en route altitude (MEA) ensures a navigation signal strong enough for adequate reception by the aircraft navigation (NAV) receiver and obstacle clearance along the airway, Communication is not necessarily guaranteed with MEA compliance, The obstacle clearance, within the limits of the airway, is typically 1,000' in non-mountainous areas and 2,000' in designated mountainous areas, MEAs can be authorized with breaks in the signal coverage; if this is the case, the AeroNav Products en route chart notes "MEA GAP" parallel to the affected airway, MEAs are usually bidirectional; however, they can be single-directional, Arrows are used to indicate the direction to which the MEA applies, The minimum obstruction clearance altitude (MOCA), as the name suggests, provides the same obstruction clearance as an MEA; however, the NAV signal reception is ensured only within 22 NM of the closest NAVAID defining the route, The MOCA is listed below the MEA and indicated on AeroNav Products charts by a leading asterisk (e.g., "*3400" - see Figure 1-2, V287 at bottom left), The minimum reception altitude (MRA) identifies the lowest altitude at which an intersection can be determined from an off-course NAVAID, If the reception is line-of-sight based, signal coverage only extends to the MRA or above, However, if the aircraft is equipped with distance measuring equipment (DME) and the chart indicates the intersection can be identified with such equipment, the pilot could define the fix without attaining the MRA, On AeroNav Products charts, the MRA is indicated by the symbol, The minimum crossing altitude (MCA) is charted when a higher MEA route segment is approached, The MCA is usually indicated when a pilot is approaching steeply rising terrain and obstacle clearance and/or signal reception is compromised, In this case, the pilot is required to initiate a climb so the MCA is reached by the time the intersection is crossed, On AeroNav Products charts, the MCA is indicated by the symbol, The maximum authorized altitude (MAA) is the highest altitude at which the airway can be flown with assurance of receiving adequate navigation signals, Chart depictions appear as "MAA-15000." When operating below 18,000 feet MSL and: When operating above 18,000 feet MSL, maintain the altitude or flight level assigned by ATC, Account for changes in direction of flight along a flight plan and corresponding altitude changes to meet the standard, ATC may give other restrictions if you are under their control, say with, IFR Cruising Altitudes can be found by referencing FAR 91.179. The CFI will spend hundreds of hours compiling data from various sources that cover all of the FAA Required subject areas. ), Advanced RNP is a NavSpec with a minimum set of mandatory functions enabled in the aircraft's avionics suite. Data such as weather, temporary flight restrictions, obstacles, or other geospatial data can be combined with d-VC data to support a variety of needs. The CFI, or Flight Instructor Notebook, is an instructor's guide to navigating the sea of resources to provide useful guidance for their students and themselves. Plot the winds on your E6B Flight Computer: Place the wind direction under the "True Index" arrow, Using a reference line on the E6B scale, measure up and plot the velocity, Rotate the compass rose until your True Course is under the True Index pointer, Move the entire compass until the plot is over your True Airspeed, Note which side of the True Index the plot falls, and by how much based on the scale provided, If it is located on the left of the line, it must be subtracted from the True Course, If it is located on the right of the line, it must be added to the True Course, Heading/courses can be expressed as either true or magnetic, True north is the direction along the earth's surface towards the geographic North Pole, It is the northerly point furthest from the equator (90N), True headings can therefore be measured on most aeronautical maps, including sectionals, by reference to true north, Draw a straight line between two points (airports, checkpoints, etc.) RNP APCH has a lateral accuracy value of 1 in the terminal and missed approach segments and essentially scales to RNP 0.3 (or 40 meters with SBAS) in the final approach. Multiply 0.1 by 60 (minutes in an hour) and you'll get 6, for 6 minutes to travel that distance at that ground speed. In the U.S., these minimum functions include capability to calculate and perform RF turns, scalable RNP, and parallel offset flight path generation. These events are geographically limited, coordinated, scheduled, and advertised via GPS and/or WAAS NOTAMS. | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Sitemap | Patreon | Contact, https://www.fly.faa.gov/adv/advAdvisoryForm.jsp. There are examples of false "terrain-pull up" warnings during GPS anomalies, When flying IFR, pilots should have additional navigation equipment for their intended route to crosscheck their position. Airplane Flight Controls Lesson Learn about Primary and Secondary Flight Controls such as: Ailerons, Elevators, Rudders, Flaps, Spoilers, Trim Systems, and more. Automatic scaling and alerting changes are appropriate for some operations. Continue searching. With this comes the need to keep things organized to reduce Foreign Object Debris (FOD) and confusion in flight. VFR Navigation charts consist of the following: Designed for visual navigation of slow to medium speed aircraft, The topographic information consists of contour lines, shaded relief, drainage patterns, and an extensive selection of visual checkpoints and landmarks used for flight under VFR, Cultural features include cities and towns, roads, railroads, and other distinct landmarks, The aeronautical information includes visual and radio aids to navigation, airports, controlled airspace, special-use airspace, obstructions, and related data, Revised every 56 days, except most Alaskan charts are revised annually, TACs depict the airspace designated as Class B airspace, While similar to sectional charts, TACs have more detail because the scale is larger, Should be used by pilots intending to operate to or from airfields within or near Class B or class C airspace, Charted VFR Flyway Planning Charts are published on the back of the existing VFR Terminal Area Charts, Areas with TAC coverage are indication by a dot on the Sectional Chart indexes, Charts are revised every 56 days, except Puerto Rico-Virgin Islands revised annually, Designated primarily for helicopter operation in the Gulf of Mexico area, Information depicted includes offshore mineral leasing areas and blocks, oil drilling platforms, and high density helicopter activity areas, Covers the Grand Canyon National Park area and is designated to promote aviation safety, flight free zones, and facility VFR navigation in this popular area, The chart contains aeronautical information for general aviation for VFR pilots on one side and commercial VFR air tour operators on the other side, Caribbean 1 and 2 (CAC-1 and CAC-2) are designed for visual navigation to assist familiarization of foreign aeronautical and topographic information, The topographic information consists of contour lines, shaded relief, drainage patterns, and a selection of landmarks used for flight under VFR, A three-color chart series which shows current aeronautical information useful to helicopter pilots navigating in areas with high concentrations of helicopter activity, Information depiction includes helicopter routes, four classes of heliports with associated frequency and lighting capabilities, NAVAIDs, and obstructions, In addition, pictorial symbols, roads, and easily identified geographical features are portrayed, Have a longer life span than other charts and may be current for several years, updated as requested, Provide aeronautical information navigation under IFR conditions below 18,000' MSL, This four-color chart series includes airways; limits of controlled airspace; VHF NAVAIDs with frequency, identification, channel, geographic coordinates; airports with terminal air/ground communication; minimum en route and obstruction clearance altitudes; airway distances; reporting points; special use airspace; and military training routes, Scales vary from 1 inch = 5nm to 1 inch = 20nm, Area charts show congested terminal areas at large scale, They are included with subscriptions to any conterminous U.S. Set Low (full set, East or West sets), Designated for navigation at or above 18,000' MSL (up to FL 600), This four-color chart series includes the jet route structure; VHF NAVAIDs with frequency, identification, channel, geographic coordinates; selected airports; reporting points, Scales vary from 1 inch to 45nm to 1 inch = 18nm, TPPs are published in 24 loose-leaf or perfect bound volumes covering the conterminous U.S., Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, A Change Notice is published at the midpoint between revisions in bound volume format and is available on the internet for a free download at the AeroNav website, IAP charts portray the aeronautical data that is required to execute instrument approaches to airports, Each chart depicts the IAP, all related navigation data, communications information, and an airport sketch.