Inaros was captured and carried away to Susa. Also, Artaxerxes I gave him Magnesia, Myus, and Lampsacus to maintain him in bread, meat, and wine. And the elders of the Jews were successful in building through the prophesying of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the son of Iddo. He was surnamed in Greek Macrocheir ("Longhand") and in Latin Longimanus. Is the Greek and Latin form of one, and perhaps of two or three kings of Persia mentioned in the Old Testament. (1.) Easy. After the re-conquest of Egypt, Artaxerxes, fearing that the Athenians would make a permanent subjugation of Cyprus, concluded with them the peace of Callias, by which he retained the island of Cyprus; but agreed to grant freedom to all Greek cities of Asia Minor. BibleSpeak offers the most comprehensive resource on the web for Bible name pronunciation. Get Your Bible Minute in Your Inbox Every Morning. In 448 fighting between the Achaemenids and the Athenians ended, and in the Samian and Peloponnesian wars Artaxerxes remained neutral; toward the Jews he pursued a tolerant policy. But according to Aristotle (in Politics 5.1311b), Artabanus killed Darius first and then killed Xerxes. In the LXX. Seems like your pronunciation of Artaxerxes is not correct. 1179, The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution for Cause of Conscience, List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources, "Israel among the Nations: The Persian Period", "Nehemiah 8 Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers", "Limb gigantism, neurofibromatosis and royal heredity in the Ancient World 2500 years ago: Achaemenids and Parthians", 2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artaxerxes_I&oldid=1149734926, 5th-century BC Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, Pharaohs of the Achaemenid dynasty of Egypt, Articles containing Old Persian (ca. His building inscriptions at Persepolis record the completion of the throne hall of his father. Nehemiah related to him the plight of the Jewish people and that the city of Jerusalem was undefended. Get Your Bible Minute in Your Inbox Every Morning. All rights reserved. Oops! This means that the Artaxerxes in whose reign Nehemiah lived must have been Artaxerxes I (464-424 b.c. This is available on every Bible name page and shows the phonetic pronunciation of every word. After the Achaemenid Empire had been defeated at the Battle of the Eurymedon (c. 469 BC), military action between Greece and Persia was at a standstill. Unfortunately, this device does not support voice recording, Click the record button again to finish recording. - YouTube 0:00 / 0:24 How to Pronounce Artaxerxes (Real Life Examples!) Please Some of the sons of Israel and some of the priests, the Levites, the singers, the gatekeepers and the temple servants went up to Jerusalem in the seventh year of King Artaxerxes. Ahasuerus definition, a king of ancient Persia, known to the Greeks as Xerxes: husband of the Biblical Esther. From Bible commentaries, to study tools, be sure to check out our complete reference list of books that will help you as you study and teach God's word. Ezra 4:8 Verse Concepts You can contribute this audio pronunciation of Artaxerxes to HowToPronounce dictionary. "Artaxerxes" means the great warrior. The king mentioned in Ezra 4:6, probably the Cambyses of profane history, the son and successor of Cyrus (B.C. Log in or Pronounce Artaxerxes Intro How to Pronounce Artaxerxes? Copyright 2023, Bible Study Tools. The text does not specify whether the king in the passage refers to Artaxerxes I (465424 BC) or to Artaxerxes II (404359 BC). Rate the pronunciation difficulty of Artaxerxes. Register This Artaxerxes was the third son of Xerxes and was raised to the throne by Artabanus, the murderer of Xerxes. that Artaxerxes Ochus in the course of his campaign against Egypt transported a detachment of Jews to Hyrcania does not prove that Judaea as a whole had revolted. 516, and the seventh of Artaxerxes Longimanus B.C. This free audio Bible name pronunciation guide is a valuable tool in your study of Gods word. But Artaban sought the crown for himself, and therefore aimed at . Anno 1658 Abr.) Therefore, the more informative Old Testament examples of civil government were "good" non-covenant kings such as Artaxerxes, who tolerated the Jews and did not insist that they follow his state religion.[23]. You can try again. 9:1. He then proceeds to show how he married a Jewish wife, who was herself of the royal family and who is related to have saved the nation of the Jews. Artaxerxes was the second son of Xerxes, who was murdered in the summer of 465 by his all-powerful vizir Artaban. ArtaxerxesI (/rtzrksiz/, Old Persian: Artaxa;[2][3] Greek: )[4] was the fifth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, from 465 to December 424BC. Record the pronunciation of this word in your own voice and play it to listen to how you have pronounced it. (2.) Learn how to pronounce hundreds of Bible words with the click of a button all for free. Artaxerxes I, (died 425 bc, Susa, Elam [now in Iran]), Achaemenid king of Persia (reigned 465425 bc). [16][17] Most scholars hold that Ezra lived during the rule of Artaxerxes I, though some have difficulties with this assumption:[18] Nehemiah and Ezra "seem to have no knowledge of each other; their missions do not overlap", however, in Nehemiah 12, both are leading processions on the wall as part of the wall dedication ceremony. A younger son of Xerxes I and Amestris, he was raised to the throne by the commander of the guard, Artabanus, who had murdered Xerxes. He ruled over the kingdoms of Persia, Media, and Babylonia, "from India to Ethiopia." The name Ahasuerus is derived from the Old Persian name of Xerxes I, Xayr, which means "king of all male; Hero among Kings." It was later borrowed into Hebrew and Latin, traditionally used in English Bibles. Log in or Ezra 8:1 chapter context similar meaning copy save. 600-400 B.C. He was surnamed in Greek Macrocheir ("Longhand") and in Latin Longimanus. 1 Now after these things, in the reign of Artaxerxes king of Persia, Ezra the son of Seraiah, the son of Azariah, the son of Hilkiah, Ezra 7:1 Meaning. Artaxerxes I died in 424 BC, and was succeeded by his son Xerxes II, and later by two other sons, Sogdianus and Ochus, the last of whom assumed the regnal name of Darius, whom the Greeks surnamed Nothus. 6 At the beginning of the reign of Xerxes, they lodged an accusation against the people of Judah and Jerusalem. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. He may have been the "Artasyrus" mentioned by Herodotus as being a satrap of the royal satrapy of Bactria. Weve all struggled to pronounce Bible names and places, especially those pesky Old Testament names! Most commentators equate Esther's king with Xerxes I (485-465 BC), son of Darius I, the fourth emperor of the Achaemenid Empirethus the translation in some modern versions. 2 The son of Shallum, the son of Zadok, the son of Ahitub, Ezra 7:2 Meaning. In the world of words and the diversity of accents and local dialects, some words can be extremely hard to pronounce. Copyright 2023, Bible Study Tools. All rights reserved. The first Artaxerxes is mentioned in ( Ezra 4:7 ) and appears identical with Smerdis, the Magian impostor and pretended brother of Cambyses, who usurped the throne B.C. More PROBLEMATIC WORDS pronounced: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dyncGi5eWz0\u0026list=PLd_ydU7Boqa2TWjHeVDMd_w6b4bDlwA2- Listen how to say this word/name correctly with Julien (English vocabulary videos), \"how do you pronounce\" free pronunciation audio/video tutorials.Learn how to say words in English, French, Spanish, German, Italian, and many other languages with Julien Miquel and his pronunciation tutorials! Esdras 4 : 8: Rehum, gouverneur, et Schimscha, secrtaire crivirent au roi Artaxerxs ('Artachshashta') la lettre suivante . Now after these things, in the reign of Artaxerxes king of Persia, there went up Ezra son of Seraiah, son of Azariah, son of Hilkiah. He was the third son of Xerxes I. If youre a Bible teacher, Pastor or Christian who wants to know how to pronounce those difficult Bible names correctly, look no further! What Does Colossians 2:6-7 Teach Us about Our Faith Walk? It seems more probable, however, that Artaxerxes I is the king referred to; and there is little doubt that the identification of the Artaxerxes of Ezra 4:7 with the pseudo-Smerdis would never have been thought of had it not been for the difficulty of explaining the reference to him in this place. 486-465). Click the PLAY button below to hear how to pronounce. He was a son of King Xerxes (Ahasuerus) and is often referred to as Artaxerxes I Longimanus. This free audio Bible name pronunciation guide is a valuable tool in your study of God's word. of American Pronunciation Guide 74.3K subscribers Subscribe 12K views. [19] These difficulties have led many scholars to assume that Ezra arrived in the seventh year of the rule of Artaxerxes II, i.e. 486-465). Salem Media Group. Artaxerxes I, (died 425 bc, Susa, Elam ), Achaemenid king of Persia (reigned 465-425 bc). He reigned for twenty-one years (B.C. 522, and reigned eight months. But during all this time I was not in Jerusalem, for in the thirty-second year of Artaxerxes king of Babylon I had gone to the king. Wikipedia Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_IDied: 424 BC, SusaSpouse: DamaspiaPlace of burial: Naqsh-e Rostam, IranChildren: Darius II, Xerxes II, Sogdianus, Parysatis, ArsitesParents: Xerxes I, AmestrisGrandchildren: Artaxerxes II, Cyrus the Younger, Artabazanes, Ostanes, AmestrisGrandparents: Darius the Great, Atossa, MasistesPeople also search forXerxes IDarius IIArtaxerxes IIDarius the GreatSource: https://www.google.com/search?q=ArtaxerxesVideo Tags:\rhow, to, pronounce, artaxerxes, bible, meaning, definition, what does it mean, vocabulary, american, english, word, improve, beginners, united states, british, pronunciation guide, how do you say, tutorial, how to say, learn, how do you pronounce, dictionary, explained, context, sentences, examples, speech, training, course, uk, language, native speaker, synonyms, study, sounds, speak, speaking, audio, australia, india, accent We may safely identify him . He invaded Greece with an army, it is said, of more than 2,000,000 soldiers, only 5,000 of whom returned with him. of In the LXX. (2.) [12] Themistocles would go on to learn and adopt Persian customs, Persian language, and traditions.[13][14]. Salem Media Group. Crowdsourced audio pronunciation dictionary for 89 languages, with meanings, synonyms, sentence usages, translations and much more. Word of the day - in your inbox every day, 2023 HowToPronounce. And Artaxerxes II., so far from being gloomy despots, were good-natured potentates, but weak, capricious and readily accessible to personal influences. Williams published The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution for Cause of Conscience, arguing for a separation of church and state based on biblical reasoning. 464-425); the grandson of Darius, who, fourteen years later, permitted Nehemiah to return and rebuild Jerusalem. Examples of Artaxerxes Longimanus in a sentence, Word of the day - in your inbox every day, 2023 HowToPronounce. 458) of whose reign Ezra led a second colony of Jews back to Jerusalem, was probably Longimanus, who reigned for forty years (B.C. Keep up. Weve all struggled to pronounce Bible names and places, especially those pesky Old Testament names! BibleSpeak offers the most comprehensive resource on the web for Bible name pronunciation. (segmentals) o Vowels are the letter a, e, I, o, u and sometimes y. o Consonants are all the other letters. After Cimon's failure to attain much in this expedition, hostilities ceased. Keep up. Verset: Esdras 4 : 7: Et du temps d'Artaxerxs ('Artachshashta'), Bischlam, Mithredath, Thabeel, et le reste de leurs collgues, crivirent Artaxerxs ('Artachshashta'), roi de Perse.La lettre fut transcrite en caractres aramens et traduite en aramen. This indirectly caused the Athenians to move the treasury of the Delian League from the island of Delos to the Athenian acropolis. Ewald would change the latter to Ortosastes, which closely resembles Artaxerxes, and it must be admitted that many of the Persian kings had two or more names. Congrats! Congrats! In ( Nehemiah 2:1) we have another Artaxerxes. The most important aspects of bible pronunciation of biblical words to focus on are: Stress and intonation (suprasegmentals) Sounds of individual vowels, consonants, digraphs, dipthongs and blends. Who was Artaxerxes in the Bible? Achaemenid rule in Egypt was restored by Megabyzus, satrap of Syria, after a prolonged struggle (460454). They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. In the world of words and the diversity of accents and local dialects, some words can be extremely hard to pronounce. Ezra 4:7 In-Context. The rebuilding of the Jewish community in Jerusalem had begun under Cyrus the Great, who had permitted Jews held captive in Babylon to return to Jerusalem and rebuild Solomon's Temple. All Rights Reserved, {{app['fromLang']['value']}} -> {{app['toLang']['value']}}, Pronunciation of Artaxerxes with 9 audio pronunciations. AudioPlayer.embed("audioplayer_7963", {soundFile: "http://biblespeak.org/wp-content/uploads/bbWa83.mp3", titles: "How to Pronounce THE_TITLE", autostart: "no", loop: "no", animation: "yes", remaining: "yes", noinfo: "no", initialvolume: "70", buffer: "5", encode: "no", checkpolicy: "no", rtl: "no", width: "100%", transparentpagebg: "no", bg: "E5E5E5", leftbg: "CCCCCC", lefticon: "333333", voltrack: "F2F2F2", volslider: "666666", rightbg: "B4B4B4", rightbghover: "999999", righticon: "333333", righticonhover: "FFFFFF", loader: "009900", track: "FFFFFF", tracker: "DDDDDD", border: "CCCCCC", skip: "666666", text: "333333"}); The Greek form of the name of several Persian kings. His reign, though generally peaceful, was disturbed by several insurrections, the first of which was the revolt of his brother the satrap of Bactria. He was surnamed in Greek Macrocheir (Longhand) and in Latin Longimanus. Artaxerxes, king of kings, unto Ezra the priest, a scribe of the law of the God of heaven, perfect peace, and at such a time. or post as a guest. 0 rating. Therefore, in making Ezra overlap Nehemiah, the Chronicler intended to place Ezra also in the same reign. Consequently, a number of Jews returned to Jerusalem in 538 BC, and the foundation of this "Second Temple" was laid in 536 BC, in the second year of their return (Ezra 3:8). Since you have exceeded your time limit, your recording has been stopped. Oops! You can try again. You've got the pronunciation of Artaxerxes Longimanus right. Artaxerxes had to face a revolt in Egypt in 460454 BC led by Inaros II, who was the son of a Libyan prince named Psamtik, presumably descended from the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt. (3) The Greek translation of the Septuagint renders the Ahasuerus of the Book of Esther by Artaxerxes, and is followed in this rendering by Josephus. Unfortunately, this browser does not support voice recording. In Greek sources he is also surnamed "long-handed" (Ancient Greek: Makrkheir; Latin: Longimanus), allegedly because his right hand was longer than his left. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). version of the Book of Esther the name Artaxerxes occurs for Ahasuerus. to Artaxerxes king of Persia; instigated by the Samaritans: and the writing of the letter was written in the Syrian tongue, and interpreted in the Syrian tongue; or Chaldee, of which Ezra gives a copy in the Chaldee language; the meaning either is, that it was written both in Syriac letters, and in the Syriac language; for sometimes words are written in one language and in the character of another, as the Syriac is sometimes written in, Hebrew characters, and the Hebrew in Roman; or else there was a postscript added to this letter, explaining some things in it, which also was written in the same language: some take F8 the word "nishtevan", rendered "written", to be the name of a province on the borders of the country beyond Euphrates, whose figure and characters were in high esteem, and fit to write in to kings; but the words and language were Syrian, and needed interpretation. As if the spelling and pronunciation of Ahasuerus and Artaxerxes were not problematic enough for the average Bible student, one must also consider these Persian kings in light of the order in which they are mentioned in the book of Ezra. There is no question that the Ahasuerus of the . The principal objection against this view is that we have no evidence that either the pseudo-Smerdis, or the real Smerdis, was ever called Artaxerxes. Seems like your pronunciation of Artaxerxes Longimanus is not correct. How to Pronounce Artaxerxes (Real Life Examples!) The king sent Nehemiah to Jerusalem with letters of safe passage to the governors in Trans-Euphrates, and to Asaph, keeper of the royal forests, to make beams for the citadel by the Temple and to rebuild the city walls. If you want to know how to pronounce Bible names correctly, be sure to check out our Bible Pronunciation Guide. Corrections? King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 465 to 424 BC, In most territories, Achaemenid rulers were succeeded by, Portrayal in the Book of Ezra and Nehemiah, The Greek form of the name is influenced by, Plutarch, Artaxerxes, l. 1. c. 1. Later sources argue that the purported Peace of Callias was agreed among Athens, Argos and Persia in 449BC; however, the existence of a formal treaty between the Greek States and Persia is disputed. Artaxerxes How to Pronounce Artaxerxes We've all struggled to pronounce Bible names and places, especially those pesky Old Testament names! Shortly after this Megabyzus led a revolt in Syria and compelled his sovereign to make peace with him on his own terms, and afterward lived and died in high favor with his humiliated king. And they finished building according to the command of the God of Israel and the decree of Cyrus, Darius, and Artaxerxes king of Persia. Subscribe to learn and pronounce a new word each day! According to a paper published in 2011,[24] the discrepancy in Artaxerxes limb lengths may have arisen as a result of the inherited disease neurofibromatosis. The murderer accused the king's eldest son Darius of the crime, with the result that Darius was slain by his younger brother Artaxerxes, who then mounted the throne. Congrats! Pronunciation of Artaxerxes Longimanus with 2 audio pronunciations, 1 meaning, 5 translations and more for Artaxerxes Longimanus. The reign of Artaxerxes was further disturbed by the revolt of Egypt in 460 BC, and by that of Syria about 448 BC. The real Smerdis is said to have been called Tanyoxares, or according to others Oropastes. Now I had not been sad in his presence. Who is Artaxerxes in the Bible? 529). This was probably the Cyaxares I. known by this name in profane history, the king of Media and the conqueror of Nineveh. Click the PLAY button below to hear how to pronounce. )-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 14 April 2023, at 03:35. Now these are the heads of their fathers households and the genealogical enrollment of those who went up with me from Babylon in the reign of King Artaxerxes: And it came about in the month Nisan, in the twentieth year of King Artaxerxes, that wine was before him, and I took up the wine and gave it to the king. And in the days of Artaxerxes, Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel and the rest of his colleagues wrote to Artaxerxes king of Persia; and the text of the letter was written in Aramaic and translated from Aramaic. Unfortunately, this device does not support voice recording, Click the record button again to finish recording. Unfortunately, this browser does not support voice recording. (There is some evidence to show that the Hebrew name Ahasuerus can be easily derived from the Persian name.) The tomb of Artaxerxes is at Naqsh-e Rustam. This video shows you How to Pronounce Artaxerxes (BIBLE), pronunciation guide.\rHear MORE NAMES \u0026 WORDS from HISTORY pronounced: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WG3xYUfWk1M\u0026list=PLd_ydU7Boqa2hVzcp4rXsgrjg2Ynoba9U \rListen how to say this word/name correctly with Julien (English vocabulary videos), \"how do you pronounce\" free pronunciation audio/video tutorials.\r\rLearn how to say words in English, French, Spanish, German, Italian, and many other languages with Julien Miquel and his pronunciation tutorials! 485). In spite of this rendering of the Septuagint and Josephus, there is no doubt that the Hebrew achashwerosh is the same as the Greek Xerxes; and there is no evidence that Artaxerxes I was ever called Xerxes by any of his contemporaries. [5][6] He was the third son of Xerxes I. For Yah[weh] comforts), governor of Judaea under Artaxerxes (apparently A. Crowdsourced audio pronunciation dictionary for 89 languages, with meanings, synonyms, sentence usages, translations and much more. If you want to know how to pronounce Bible names correctly, be sure to check out our Bible Pronunciation Guide. "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". (1) All are agreed that the Artaxerxes at whose court Ezra and Nehemiah were officials is Artaxerxes I, the son of Xerxes, commonly called Longimanus, who reigned from 465 to 424 BC. 3 The son of Amariah, the son of Azariah, the son of Meraioth, Moderate. Do We See Any Gospel Connections in the Book of Numbers? He was probably the Smerdis of profane history. Verse 1. And in the days of Artaxerxes The same with Ahasuerus, in the preceding verse; and who also is Cambyses, which is his name in Heathen authors, Artaxerxes being a common name to the kings of Persia; though some F6 think this was Smerdis, the magician and impostor, who was between Cambyses and Darius; but as he reigned but seven months, it is not very likely that he should be wrote unto, and an answer received from him; besides he sent to every nation he ruled over F7, and so to the Jews, and proclaimed to them freedom from tribute and the militia for three years, to ingratiate himself to them: wrote Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of their companions; or his company; for Jarchi thinks only one person is meant; that Mithredath Tabeel is the name of one of the adversaries of Judah; and that Bishlam is an appellative, and signifies that he wrote in peace, or in a way of salutation and greeting; but they seem to be the names of governors in the cities of Samaria under the king of Persia: these wrote. Along with our online pronunciation guide, BibleSpeak also provides links to some of the best resources for Bible study available today. EZRA 7 Verses in the Bible. (BIBLE) Julien Miquel 655K subscribers Join Subscribe 3.6K views 1 year ago Pronounce Bible Names & Words | Biblical. So, they clearly were contemporaries working together in Jerusalem at the time the wall and the city of Jerusalem was rebuilt in contrast to the previously stated viewpoint. There is no doubt that by this Artaxerxes Josephus meant the first of that name; for in the Antiquities, XI, vi, 1 he says that "after the death of Xerxes, the kingdom came to be transferred to his son Cyrus, whom the Greeks called Artaxerxes." The Egyptians were assisted by the Athenians, and their rebellion, led by Inarus and Amyrtaeus, was suppressed only after five years of strenuous exertions on the part of the Persians under the command of the great general Megabyzus. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. 522, and reigned eight months. [8] Greek historians give contradicting accounts of events. It would be impossible to identify the reigning king with Artaxerxes II or III. Therefore Astyages is one of the possible candidates for King Ahasuerus mentioned in Esther. He commissioned both Ezra and Nehemiah to return to Jerusalem and is spoken of in the biblical books of Ezra and Nehemiah. Smith's Bible Dictionary. It is thought by some that the destruction of Jerusalem which is lamented by Nehemiah occurred during the rebellion of Syria under Megabyzus. Why Does God Compare Our Relationship with Him to That of a Bride and Groom? (1) All are agreed that the Artaxerxes at whose court Ezra and Nehemiah were officials is Artaxerxes I, the son of Xerxes, commonly called Longimanus, who reigned from 465 to 424 BC. We recommend you to try Safari. Why Does God Compare Our Relationship with Him to That of a Bride and Groom? In 460 BC, Inaros II revolted against the Persians with the help of his Athenian allies, and defeated the Persian army commanded by satrap Akheimenes. Congrats! In Artaxerxes' twentieth year, Nehemiah, the king's cup-bearer, apparently was also a friend of the king as in that year Artaxerxes inquired after Nehemiah's sadness. According to Josephus, "after the death of Xerxes, the kingdom came to be transferred to his son, Cyrus, whom the Greeks called Artaxerxes.". version of the Book of Esther the name Artaxerxes occurs for Ahasuerus. You have earned {{app.voicePoint}} points. The Septuagint (Greek translation of the Old Testament . What Does Colossians 2:6-7 Teach Us about Our Faith Walk? In ( Nehemiah 2:1 ) we have another Artaxerxes. What Every Christian Should Know about the Protestant Reformation. The reason of the confusion of the names by the Septuagint and Josephus will probably remain forever a mystery. When ArtaxerxesI took power, he introduced a new Persian strategy of weakening the Athenians by funding their enemies in Greece. Ezra and Nehemiah both traveled from Persia to Jerusalem from the court of Artaxerxes. Artaxerxes, also known as Artaxerxes I Longimanus, was the King of Persia from 465 BC to 424 BC. Zopyrus, the son of Megabyzus at a later time, while satrap of Lycia and Caria, led a rebellion in which he was assisted by the Greeks. Artaxerxes I, (died 425 bc, Susa, Elam [now in Iran]), Achaemenid king of Persia (reigned 465-425 bc ). Who was Artaxerxes in the Bible? This funding practice inevitably prompted renewed fighting in 450BC, where the Greeks attacked at the Battle of Cyprus. General Editor. More dangerous was the rebellion of Egypt under Inaros, who received assistance from the Athenians.
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