It builds candidate awareness and generates their support. They also randomly select signatures on each page and compare them to the electors' signatures in the registration records. Repeal or change restrictions: No veto and only a majority of voters to overturn amendments, not 55 % (C.R.S.A. V, 3). 34-1803b). General election, and signatures must be verified no later than Feb. 1 of the year of the general election. And attorney general reviews legality (MCA 13-27-202; 13-27-312; 13-27-402). Art. Art. Art. Who creates petitions: Lieutenant governor provides a copy of the referendum petition and signature sheets; sponsors print additional copies (Utah Code 20A-7-304). 54 53). 2023. Timeline for collecting signatures: 18 months (W.S.1977 22-24-315). Who can sign the petition: Registered electors (Const. 2, 3; Const. IV, pt. Time-period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Filed at least four months before election (Ark. Art. Art. 34, 1, 4 and 8. Const. Code 82013, 84101, 84107, 84200, 84200.8, 84202.3 and Elec. Some states do not specify a method for verification. From official summary date by attorney general, 180 days to collect and must be filed at least 131 days prior to the next general election the measure is to be voted on. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Signer or attorney of the signer may remove a signature before official filing (O.R.C. Since the process is an indirect initiative, the legislature has four months to adopt the unchanged constitutional initiative by a majority in each house before the secretary of state submits it to the people. Signatures in each of one-half of the 27 congressional districts of the state. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. 1051, 1052, 1052-A, 1053-B, 1054, 1054-A, 1055, 1055-A, 1056, 1056-A, 1056-B, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1062-A, 1062-B and the Commission on Governmental Ethics and Election Practices). Details on who or which offices write the title and summary are listed below: Cal.Const. Outer page of petition pamphlet includes warning to signers. The secretary of state, in consultation with the attorney general, prepares a condensation, explanations for and against, and concise summaries of the bill's impact on existing related laws (NRS 293.250). Collected in-person: Implied (MCA 13-27-102), Withdrawal process of individual signature: Any time prior to official filing (MCA 13-27-301). Const. Art. V, 2). Public review or notice: The attorney general submits a draft ballot title and the public may submit written comments regarding it, which the attorney general may use to revise the title. Art. Art. 4, Pt. Verification: The secretary of state establishes the statistical sampling method. Who creates petitions: Secretary of state creates a sample petition and then the petition is reviewed by the attorney general (V.A.M.S. 3, 52(b) and Wyo. Art. This type of ballot measure is also called citizen referendum, statute referendum, statute remand, popular referendum, people's veto, or citizen's veto. V, 1(3)). Petition sponsors, approved or rewritten by attorney general, Petition sponsors, with approval by secretary of state, Drafted by secretary of state and approved by attorney general, Petition sponsors, approved by attorney general. 3, 4; Art. II, 1g; O.R.C. 3, 18), Who can sign the petition: Electors (M.R.S.A. Petition title and summary creation: Secretary of state (21-A MRS 901(4)). Single subject rule: Yes (N.R.S. Art. Within three days of making an expenditure or receiving a contribution, a political committee must file a statement of organization and designate a treasurer. III, 2). Proponents; a simple statement of the gist of the measure is included on the petition. Two-thirds vote (or majority after two years). For amendments, 10 % of the total qualified electors of the state (MT CONST Art. What MAY a successful referendum do? Who can sign the petition: Qualified electors of the state of Montana (MCA 13-27-102). Any person who pays or receives compensation to circulate a referendum petition must file a statement to that effect with the secretary of state before circulation begins. 2; 21 Okl.St.Ann. 42. The filing of a referendum petition against any item, section, or part of any measure shall not prevent the remainder of such measure from becoming operative. Number of signatures required: For statute, 8 % of the total votes cast for governor in the last general election. II, 1c and 1g; ORC 3519.16(F). Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. General election, or at a special election ordered by the general assembly. Art. Where to file: Secretary of state (Const. 22-24-402). From each of at least 26 Utah state Senate districts, legal signatures equal to 4% for indirect or 8% for direct initiatives of the number of active voters in that district on Jan. 1 immediately following the last regular general election. d. photo op. 3, 52(e) and Wyo. VI). II, 18). Withdrawal of petition: Chief petitioners may withdraw at any time before submitting the signatures for verification. Art. Types allowed: Direct citizen initiative for statutes and amendments and popular referendum, Single subject rule: Yes (C.R.S.A. Art. Disclosure reports must be filed 60 days before the election, on the fifth and 20th day of each month until the election, the 20th day of November after the election and the 20th of January each year. Art. Const. Verification: Must be verified at least 100 days before the election. Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Must be filed at least six months before the election it is to be voted on (V.A.M.S. Campaign statements must be filed by the 11th day before the election, the thirtieth day after the election, April 25 and July 25 every year, Oct. 25 in odd-numbered years. Other subject restrictions: Amendments that propose a tax or fee not in place in November 1994 require a two-thirds vote to pass (F.S.A. Cannot "pass a law authorizing any classification of property for the purpose of levying different rates of taxation thereon or of authorizing the levy of any single tax on land or land values or land sites at a higher rate or by a different rule than is or may be applied to improvements thereon or to personal property.". Majority to pass: Yes, except in the case of authorizing gambling or lottery, which requires 60 % to pass (RCWA Const. b. organize direct mailings. A statement of organization is required. 40. Timeline for collecting signatures: Once the petition is approved and a serial number is issued, sponsors have until 5 p.m. on the 90th day after the legislature session adjourns. A successful referendum will alter the wording of the Constitution by deletion and/or insertion. Submission deadline of signatures: At least 30 days before Feb. 1 of the year of the general election that the measure is to be voted upon (F.S.A. Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: No. 34-1812c, Maine: 21-A M.R.S.A. Petition title and summary creation: Attorney general (I.C. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but may not be limited to no anonymous contribution in excess of $25, disclosure of contributors, corporations and labor organizations are allowed to make contributions and expenditures, following timelines and deadlines apply for filing reports (V.A.M.S. St. 32-628), Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (Neb.Rev.St. Art. Art. c. are funded through a loophole in campaign finance laws. 5, 2; 34 Okl.St.Ann. Const. 218D.810; 293.267). 353). Art. Circulator oaths or affidavits: No statute, Paid per signature: May be paid (F.S.A. Proponents then file the measure with the secretary of state (I.C. In some states, the legislature or governor may order a special election for a measure. Disclosure of advertisements is required (ARS 19-925). Procedures vary from state to state, but in general if the legislature has not adopted the proposal, the initiative question goes on the ballot. 1953 20A-11-101; 20A-11-801; 20A-11-802; 20A-11-803). Art. Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: If a petition has signatures from 10% of the state's registered voters, it shall suspend the taking effect of such act or part of act (except emergency acts or those for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health, or safety) until the same has been approved by the electors of the state (Const. V, 1(4)(a)). 8). a. shirttail effect. Verification: By actual count (as opposed to random sampling), but this is not spelled out in statute. Reports of State Question Communications are required if aggregate expenses for a communication made at least 15 days before the election equal to exceed $5,000. Collected in-person: Yes (MCL 168.482a(5)).. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Not specified. Proponents must file reports of payments made to signature gatherers (IC 67-6612). 21 1), Timeline for taking effect: Upon proclamation of the governor (A.R.S. Const. Art. 4). Thus, a referendum is a measure that's referred (that is, sent on) to the people. 2, 9; Const. Art. 116.030). The attorney general may determine an act of the legislature is the same as a proposed law and will remove it from appearing on the ballot (W.S.1977 22-24-304; 22-24-319). Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (21-A MRS 902 and 903-A). Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Eight% of votes cast for the office of governor at last regular gubernatorial election prior to submission of the signatures for verification. 5, 2; 34 Okl.St.Ann. Withdrawal of petition: File a letter with secretary of state, signed by designated representatives, no later than 60 days prior to the election (C.R.S.A. Fiscal review: The financial estimate committee will estimate costs and consult with the legislative revenue officer (O.R.S. Const. Art. Const. Stat. Both institutions have since been used freely in federal and cantonal matters. 2, 9; Const. Timeline for collecting signatures: May be circulated once the attorney general has drafted a circulating title and summary up to the 90th day after the enactment date of the statute. Art. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. Which election is a measure on: For statutes, if not passed by the legislature within 40 days, then it is placed on the next general election's ballot. b. group redistricting. Art. Art. Submission deadline of signatures: Must be 120 days before the election it is to be voted upon (NDCC Const. Timeline and deadlines for collecting signatures: First 10 signatures must be turned in by the first Wednesday of the September before the assembling of the general court . Fiscal review: State auditor prepares, and proponents may submit proposed review (V.A.M.S. Art. 34-1802). 15% of the total vote cast in the last election in at least of two-thirds of the counties. 1-40-106). The committees select a chair and may prepare arguments and rebuttals, which will be reviewed by the secretary of state for the ballot (N.R.S. Circulator requirements: 18 years old and a resident of South Dakota; no registered sex offender may circulate a petition unless the person is in the employ of and under the immediate supervision of another person and under circumstances with preclude any contact with children (SDCL 12-1-32 through -34). Code 23-17-3), Which election is a measure on: Statewide general election (MS Const. Art. (NMSA 1-17-2) Each signature page is limited to one county and must bear the circulator's certificate and a warning to signers (NMSA 1-17--5); circulators must also present full and correct copy of the law (NMSA 1-17-3). Circulator oaths or affidavits: Yes (Ark. Statements of contributions and expenditures must be filed on Jan. 10, seven days before political party conventions, seven days before the primary, three days before public hearings, on Sept. 30 and seven days before the general election. Submission deadline of signatures: For statute initiatives, no later than three months prior to the election the measure is to be voted upon, and must submit to the county officials no sooner than nine months and no later than four weeks prior to the final deadline (MT CONST Art. a. the fact that unlike Nixon, Kennedy hired a professional political consultant. Const. Circulator requirements: Age 18 (Neb. Timeline for taking effect: For statutes, 10 days after the date of the official declaration of the vote, and for amendments, 45 days after election (M.C.L.A. From three-fourths of house districts of the state with signatures from each district equaling at least 7% of the total votes from preceding general election. b. coattail effect. Art. 48, Gen. Proponent organization and requirements: Original filing must include a notarized form with the names and addresses of the petition sponsors (SDCL 2-1-3.1). St. 32-1407), Which election is a measure on: Next general election at least four months after filing the signatures (Neb. (OH Const. Provisional ballots are reviewed and counted even if they will not change the outcome of an election. Full text of the measure must be attached (A.C.A. St. 32-628; 32-1546). XI, 7 and AS 15.45.250). Prov., Pt. Which election: Next general election at least 31 days after the measure qualifies or at a special statewide election held prior to that general election; the governor may call a special statewide election for the measure (Const. For constitutional amendments, 10% of votes cast for governor in last election. If passed by legislature, it is subject to the referendum (M.C.L.A. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (34 OS 6). Const. V, 3; 34 Okl.St.Ann. . 3, 50; V.A.M.S. Director of elections, with approval of the state board of canvassers, drafts a statement of purpose of not more than 100 words for the ballot. Geographic distribution: Yes. III, 5(1)). Circulator oaths or affidavits: Yes, and must be notarized (C.R.S. Collected in-person: Yes (C.R.S.A. Art. Submission deadline of signatures: Filed four months before election, and have been published in newspaper at least 30 days prior (Ark. 34-1812a, 34-1812b, I.C. If a petition is declared insufficient but has at least 75% of the required signatures in total and in at least 15 counties, sponsors may have an additional 30 days to gather more signatures. Art. 168.473b). 5, 1; A.C.A. 295.009; 294A.150; 294A.220). 4 1, Part 1(6B), (6C) and (6D). Const. Const. Cookies are small text files that can be used by websites to make a user's experience more efficient. Amend. 116.160; 116.180; 115.245; 116.210; 116.220). Pre-election statements must be filed 40 and 12 days before the election (Govt. Ballot title and summary: Director of elections, with approval of state board of canvassers, drafts a statement of purpose of not more than 100 words for the ballot (MCL 168.32(2)). Legislature or other government official review: The chief petitioner may amend the initiative without having to re-submit if the attorney general reviews the changes and certifies that it does not change it substantially (O.R.S. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Political committee must have a treasurer before receiving contributions or making expenditures (IC 67-6603). Proponent organization and requirements: None specified. II, 1c). Paid per signature: Prohibited (MCA 13-27-102). Which election: General election (SDCL 2-1-17). Cannot have had a penalty for violation of title 16 (election laws) or title 19 (initiative and referendum laws) in the past five years, been convicted of treason or a felony and has not been restored to civil rights, or been convicted of any offense related to fraud, forgery or identity theft. Art. Timeline for collecting signatures: One year, but proponents must submit to the county officials no sooner than nine months and no later than four weeks prior to the final deadline (MCA 13-27-301; 13-27-202). 14, 3 and see Coalition for Political Honesty v. State Board of Elections (1976)). 14, 10. Then the clerks verify the signatures; with a random sample of at least 500 or 5 % of the petition district's signatures. Art. 116.332). Art. Code Ann. b. That means the total number of signatures required for ballot access will vary depending upon which congressional districts sponsors put together to reach the total of six . Const. II, 1(c)). Circulator oaths or affidavits: No, but they certify that each signature was in their presence and that they believe each individual is an elector (O.R.S. 2015.5), Circulator oaths or affidavits: Yes (Cal.Elec.Code 104, 9022, 9610), Paid per signature: Yes, but signed oath if paid (Cal.Elec.Code 101, 9610), Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (Cal.Elec.Code 18603). d. $10,000,000. Verification: Not specified: "The Secretary of State shall determine the validity of the petition and issue a written decision stating the reasons for the decision within 30 days from the date of filing of a written petition." Code 9604). Timeline for collecting signatures: Have 180 days (M.C.L.A. Art. Art. To account for double-signing, the secretary will apply at least an 8 % duplication rate to the first sampling. Law 6-202). What is a referendum? 34-1807), Paid per signature: Ban overturned (Idaho Coalition United for Bears v. Cenarrusa, 2001), Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (I.C. For statutes, 5% of total qualified electors of the state, determined by the number of votes cast for governor in the preceding general election. Cure period for insufficient signatures: Upon notice that the petition was improperly filed, sponsors may amend and correct the petition by circulating and filing a supplementary petition within 10 days of the date that notice was given if 90 days have not expired after the adjournment of the legislative session in which the act was passed (AS 15.45.400). 2, 3). 250.036; OR CONST Art. XVI, 5(b) and Elec. Art. d. Kennedy's aggressive use of push polls, especially in the Northeast. 5, 1), Who can sign the petition: Registered electors who will be eligible to vote on the measure (C.R.S.A. 3, 3; NDCC, 16.1-01-09). Const. Const. 6, Sec. Deadline of 120 days before election for amendments; 160 days before election and not less than 10 days before legislative session for statutes; and 180 days to collect. 3519.05; 3501.38). List the factors that affect the success of a Referendum? Proponent organization and requirements: There may be a legally or generally recognized sponsor of the proposed amendment or question (M.C.L.A. Circulator requirements: Must be 18 or older, registered with the secretary of state, and cannot have been convicted or pled guilty to forgery crimes (V.A.M.S. Repeat measures: For three years, measures can only be proposed again by signatures totaling 25 % of total votes cast for governor last election, and special rule for competing measures (OK Const. In order for a political party to select a candidate to run in the general election, it holds a. 19, 2; N.R.S. What is a common way for interest groups, corporations, and political parties to aid a candidate while Circulator requirements: Registered voter (RCW 29A.72.120 and .130). C.R.S.A. Who creates petitions: Secretary of the commonwealth (Const. When legislatures draw district lines made up largely of underrepresented minority groups, the practice is Submission deadline for signatures: Within 90 days following the final adjournment of the legislative session at which the law was enacted (Const. 1-40-104, 1-40-105, 1-40-111, 1-40-135). 295.056. Petitions must be filed 90 days after the final adjournment of the session in which it was passed, except when a recess or adjournment shall be taken temporarily for a longer period than 90 days, in which case such petition shall be filed not later than 90 days after such recess or temporary adjournment. Verification: For each signature, county clerk verifies if the person is a registered voter (Utah Code 20A-7-306(3) and -306.3). Under the constitution, an act takes effect 90 days after it is enacted. Art. III, 52(a) and Mo.Rev.Stat. 907; Const. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but may not be limited to the provisions of the Nebraska Political Accountability and Disclosure Act. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. These may be accepted or rejected (Neb. Which is an argument against the process of direct democracy? Verification: If more than 500 names have been signed on the petition sections filed with an election official, random sampling is used to determine the number of valid voters who have signed (Elec. outside donations. By this means actions of a legislature may be overruled. May be withdrawn by any of the people authorized to do so in the original application; withdrawal is made via a form prescribed by the secretary of state. III, 3). Const. Records must be kept of contributions and expenditures. Art. See more. Semiannual statements of contributions and expenditures are due July 31 and January 31 (Govt. Timeline for taking effect: For statutes, unless specified otherwise, Oct. 1 following approval. Art. 6; Oklahomans for Modern Alcoholic Beverage Controls, Inc. v. Shelton, Okla., 501 P.2d 1089, 1972). 5, 1). A veto referendum is a type of citizen-initiated ballot measure that asks voters whether to uphold or repeal a law passed by the state legislature, a city council, a county board of supervisors, or some other legislative body. Circulator requirements: Legal voter (RCWA 29A.72.120). 1953 20A-7-202; 20A-7-205.5). Public review or notice: The secretary of state also furnishes an information pamphlet with the title, fiscal statement if applicable, its complete text, the form in which it'll appear on the ballot, arguments for and against it, and rebuttal arguments, and will publish notices in newspaper (MCA 13-27-401; 13-27-402; 13-27-410; 13-27-311). 8). Who creates petitions: The secretary of state prepares five camera-ready copies of the petition for the sponsors (NRS 32-1405).
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